Disposable Income: income after taxes or net income With disposable income, households can either - Consume (spend money on goods and services) - Save (not spend money on goods and services) Consumption Household spending The ability to consume is constrained by (the amount of disposable income, the propensity to save) Do households consume of DI = 0? Yes. (autonomous consumption, dissaving) Saving Household is not spending The ability to save is constrained by (the amount of disposable income, the propensity to consume) Do households save DI = 0? No. Formulas: APC = Average Propensity to Consume, APS = Average Propensity to Save MPC = Marginal Propensity to Consume APC + APS = 1 1 - APC = APS 1 - APS = APC APC > 1 = Dissaving -APS = Dissaving MPC + MPS = 1 MPC = 1 - MPS MPS = 1 - MPC MPC = change in consumption/change in DI (% of every extra dollar earned that is spent) the fraction of any change ...
Aggregate Supply: The level of real GDP (GDPR) that firms will produce at each price level (PL) Long Run v. Short Run Long Run period of time where input prices are completely flexible and adjust to changes in the price level, always vertical the level of real GDP supplied is independent of the price level the Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) marks the level of full employment in the economy (analogous to PPC) vertical Short Run period of time where input prices are sticky and do not adjust to changes in the price level the level of real GDP supplies is directly related to the price level because input prices are sticky in the short-run, the Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) is upward sloping upward sloping Changes in SRAS an increase in SRAS is seen as a shift to the right a decrease is seen as a shift to the left the key to understanding shifts in SRAS is per unit cost of production per-unit production cost = tot...
Shalom Akinwunmi AP Economics 3rd Period Supply: the quantities that producers or sellers are willing and able to produce or sell at various prices The Law of Supply: There is a direct relationship between price and quantity supply What Causes a Change in the Quantity of Supply? Δ in price What Causes a Change in Supply? Δ In the number of sellers (producers/suppliers) In the cost of production (resource prices) In technology In the weather In taxes and subsidies In expectations Total revenue formula: Price x Quantity Fixed cost: a cost that does not change no matter how much of a good is being produced Variable cost: a cost that rises and falls depending upon how much is produced Marginal cost: the cost of producing one more additional unit of a good Marginal Revenue: New total revenue - old marginal revenue Important Formulas (Q: Quantity; TC: Total Cost; TFC: Total Fixed Cost; TVC: Total Variable Cost; MC: Marginal Cost; AFC: A...
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